About this puzzle
Our puzzle features the Damascus Gate, probably the most iconic entrance to the Old City of Jerusalem (al-Quds). Facing north, it ones marked the starting point of journeys to Nablus and further north all the way to Damascus, hence its usual name. Since the 10th century it is also referred to as Bab al-Amud, the “Gate of the Column”, a name still commonly used by the Palestinian population of Jerusalem.
The early morning shot by renowned Dutch photographer Frits Meyst offers a peak into the Old City behind the city walls.
While putting together piece by piece, discover some of Jerusalem’s most iconic buildings, including the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the commanding tower of the Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, the Jaffa Gate and many more.
About the Damascus Gate
The Damascus Gate, also known as Bab al-Amud or Bab al-Nasr, is one of the iconic entrance to the Old City of Jerusalem.
The first gate at this location was likely built during the Roman period, around the 2nd century AD, and has been an original part of the Jerusalem city walls ever since.
During the Islamic period, the gate was known as the “Gate of the Column,” for a major column located just inside it. Palestinians and others use the Arabic designation “Bab al-Amud” (amud = column) until today.
In the 12th century, the gate was rebuilt another time by the Ayyubid ruler Saladin, who added the distinctive towers and battlements, giving it its unique shape until today. The arched entrance was added by an Ottoman expansion in the 16th century.
The Damascus Gate has been a witness to many historical events, including the conquests of Jerusalem by the Crusaders, the city’s liberation by Saladin, and the city’s capture by the British during World War I.
As you approach the gate, you will be struck by its grandeur and beauty. The gate is adorned with intricate carvings and decorations, and the walls surrounding it are adorned with battlements and towers, giving you a glimpse into the city’s rich history and culture.
The Damascus Gate has long been a hub of activity, and it continues to be a popular destination for tourists and locals alike. It’s a great place to start your exploration of the Old City or the Palestinian neighbourhoods to its north.
Explore & Discover
Make even more out of your puzzle experience and explore details of the Damascus Gate and the Old City of Jerusalem: Zoom-in on the picture for tiny details, explore via the menue of the interactive image or click on any hotspot for more information!
You can also download an ulta-high resolution image of this puzzle!
The Rotunda (large dome) of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
The large dome of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, is one of the iconic buildings in the Jerusalem cityscape and widely visible from the city walls and the Mt. of Olives.
The dome is the top part of the circular structure, known as the “rotunda”. It holds within it one of the most sacred and mysterious places in Christendom – the Aedicula.
The Aedicula is a small chamber that encloses the tomb of Jesus, where tradition holds that Jesus was buried and resurrected.
The chamber is comprised of two rooms, one outer room and one inner room. The outer room is lined with marble and contains several lamps and votive offerings left by pilgrims. The inner room is smaller and contains the stone sarcophagus that is said to be the original tomb of Jesus. The walls and ceiling of the inner room are covered in gold, and a lamp is kept burning above the sarcophagus.
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is the most visited church in Jerusalem and probably the Holy Land. It is open to visitors of all faiths (or none), year-round and free of charge.
Entrance and exit are possible only through the main door. However, there is a separate access via the roof and through the Ethiopian chapels. You will find this access along the Via Dolorosa. About 50m before you reach the end of the Via Dolorosa, you will see stairs leading up to your right. Follow these stairs to reach the roof of the church. On your way, you can stop at the St. Anthony Coptic Orthodox Monastery, located just next to the Holy Sepulchre, or go down into one of the many cisterns once used in Jerusalem to provide water.
Following the only possible way, you will encounter a tiny door, leading to the Ethiopian chapels and dedicated to the Queen of Saba, among others. Eventually, you will reach the main door of the church.
Inside the church, most visitors first see the Stone of the Anointment, then walk up the stairs to the right to Golgatha, right above the Chapel of Adam, and then continue to see the Chapel of the Cross and eventually make their round to the tomb or the Holy Sepulchre (the large dome) and the Catholicon (the small dome).
Recommended visting time: 30 to 120 min.
If you seek to enter the Holy Sepulchre, either come very early or late or allow ample time. Several times per day, the tomb itself and other parts of the church will be closed off for procession and masses.
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is open year-round with special opening times during Christian feasts. Note that parts of the church might be closed off during the day for processions, masses, and other religious activities by the various denominations.
General opening times are:
- During the summer: 05:00 to 20:45.
- During the winter: 04:00 to 19:00.
There is no entrance fee.
The Catholicon (small dome) of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
The smaller of the two grey domes of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is the ceiling of the catholicon.
The term “catholicon” usually refers to the main church of a monastery or an important church in a city. In the context of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the Catholicon refers to the main church within the complex.
The current structure dates back to the 12th century and features a mixture of Byzantine, Crusader, and Islamic architectural elements.
Once you are inside the catholicon, do not miss to look up! The dome of the catholicon is decorated with one of the most astonishing mosaics in Jerusalem, the so-called “Pantocrator-mosaic”, depicting Jesus as the all-powerfull ruler of the universe.
For visitor information, click here.
The Lutheran Church of the Redeemer
The Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, is a Protestant church located in the Old City of Jerusalem. It was inaugurated on Reformation Day of 1898 and is hence a relatively new addition to the Jerusalem cityscape.
The present building of the church is a reconstruction of the 19th century church, which was built on the ruins of a Crusader church, which in turn was built on top of the Byzantine church.
The church features a beautiful neo-Gothic architecture, with pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and a tall steeple. The church also features beautiful stained glass windows, which depict scenes from the life of Jesus and the history of the church.
The bell tower stands at a height of 40 meters (131 ft) and is made of white limestone, which makes is clearly visible from almost any point around the Old City.
It’s also a great spot to get a panoramic view of the old city and a visit not to be missed!
The church is located just next to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the “Muristan” area, in the heart of the Old City of Jerusalem. It can be reached within a few minutes walk from the Jaffa Gate, the New Gate or the Damascus Gate. Click here for a detailed description.
Typically, you will arrive at the church as part of the traditional walk along the Via Dolorosa.
There are 3 main things to do and and see at the Church of the Redeemer:
- Visit the church itself including thec cloister and rest at the café.
- Visit the exhibition and excavations in and under the Church, featuring archaeology, the “Muristan”, and the history of the Church.
- Ascend the 40m (131 ft) high tower for a panoramic view of the Old City.
The church and the tower are open to visitors Mondays through Saturdays from 10:00 AM to 05:00 PM.
The exhibition is open Tuesdays through Saturdays from 11:00 AM to 03:00 PM.
The church is closed on Sundays, Mondays and Yom Kippur.
The ticket for the tower and the exhibition is 15 NIS per person.
For more information visit the website of the church.
The "Tower of David" or "Citadel & the Jaffa Gate
The so-called “Tower of David” is part of the “Citadel”, an ancient fortress located in the Old City, just adjacent to the Jaffa Gate. It was built on the site of an ancient fortress that dates back to the First Temple period and has been rebuilt and expanded over the centuries.
The Citadel is a complex of buildings, including the tower, a palace, and a mosque, and it has been used for various purposes throughout history. It was originally built by King Herod in the 1st century BC and was used as a palace and a fortress. The Romans, Byzantines, and the Islamic caliphs, who conquered Jerusalem later on, also used the fortress and expanded it.
The Citadel has played an important role in the history of Jerusalem, as it served as a residence for the ruling elite, a palace, a fortress and a prison. During the Crusader period, it was also known as the “Tower of David” and was used as a palace by the Crusader kings.
The tower offers unique panoramic views of the Old City, and it’s a great place to explore the history and architecture of Jerusalem.
The “Tower of David” (the “Citadel”) is located right next to the Jaffa Gate. The entrance is from inside the Old City, via the small bridge above the moat.
Things to do:
- Visit the exhibition about the history of Jerusalem including a large model, made in 1872(!) of Jerusalem by the Hungarian pilgrim Stephan, depicting the city as of this year.
- Visit one of the changing exhibitions or enjoy a cultural event.
- Witness on of the stunning sound & light night shows.
- Ascend the tower for a 360° panoramic view of the Old City (you are at the highest point in the Old City!) and the adjacent areas.
Opening hours are:
- Sunday through Thursday: 09:00 – 16:00
- Friday: 09:00 – 14:00
- Saturday: 09:00 – 16:00
Check for updates on opening times here.
Click here for the admission fees.
For more information visit the website of the Tower of David.
The Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque
The Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque is not only a place of worship but also a portal to the past. Built in the 14th century, the mosque and its minaret in particular, are remarkable examples of architectural beauty and cultural significance.
As you enter the mosque, you’ll be greeted by a central dome, surrounded by smaller domes and arched windows, that reach up to the sky. The walls are adorned with intricate geometric patterns and inscriptions from the Quran. The mosque also features a courtyard, a place of tranquility, where the worshippers gather before or after the prayer.
The mosque is also known for its association with the famous Sufi saint, Salah al-Din al-Safadi, who lived in Jerusalem during the 14th century and was the founder of the Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque. He was considered a spiritual leader and his tomb is located inside the mosque, making it a place of pilgrimage for many Sufis.
An interesting feature is the minaret: Not only is it almost identical with the minaret of the Mosque of Omar, just south of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, but a line connecting the minarets would intersect exactly with the door of the Tomb of Jesus. The two minarets are even equidistant to the door and having the exact same elevation, however being built on different ground levels.
The two minarets are an indicatoin of the interest also Islamic architecture and spirituality took in the Christian traditions in Jerusalem.
The Sidna Omar Mosque
The Sidna Omar Mosque (“Lord Omar mosque”) dates back to the Mamluk-era and is located in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City, just next to the Hurva and Rambam Synagogues. After the Six-Day War, when Israel captured East Jerusalem, it was closed and has been closed ever since.
The minaret of the mosque is a typical Mamluk-style minaret, two-stories high with a balcony for the muezzin.
The Hurva Synagogue
The Hurva Synagogue, also known as the Hurvat Rabbi Yehudah he-Hasid Synagogue, has a long and complex history, it was first built in the 18th century, but it was destroyed twice, firstly by the Arab Legion during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and then it was rebuilt in the 1950s.
The present building is a reconstruction of the 19th century synagogue. The synagogue features a unique architectural style, which is a blend of traditional Jewish and Islamic architectural elements. The synagogue features a central dome, which is adorned with a Star of David, and it also features horseshoe arches and decorative brickwork, which are typical of Islamic architecture.
The synagogue was originally built by a group of Ashkenazi Jews, led by Rabbi Yehudah he-Hasid, who arrived in Jerusalem in the early 18th century. They had intended to establish a yeshiva, but they were forced to leave the city before they could complete the construction, and the building was left unfinished and became known as the “ruin synagogue” (Hurva in Hebrew). The synagogue remained in ruins for over a century, and it was only rebuilt in the 19th century by the Jewish community.
The Muslim Quarter
Once you enter the Old City through the Damascus Gate, you are greeted by the many scents and aromas of the spices, fruits, feshly baked breads and other traditional Palestinian and Arab products along the shops of the Khan az-Zait (the “oil market”).
This area is called the Muslim Quarter.
One of the market’s main streets leads from the Damascus Gate straight to the Khan al-Attarin, the “market of the spice vendors”. The buzzling street is also the “border” between the Christian and the Muslim Quarter.
Enjoy a stroll along the many tiny shops, cafes and restaurants until you reach the Muristan, the Church of the Redeemer and, most notably, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
The machicolations of the gate
Machicolations, also known as murder-holes, were a unique and fascinating feature of medieval city walls and castles. They were essentially a type of overhanging balcony, with openings in the floor, that were used to defend the walls from attackers.
The Damascus Gate had five such defensive structures. Larger ones on each side of the gate and three smaller ones directly atop the doors.
Imagine standing on the top of the Jerusalem city wall, overlooking the streets to the north. Now, imagine that you have a secret weapon up your sleeve, a trapdoor in the floor of the wall, that opens up to a dark hole. From this hole, you and your fellow defenders could pour boiling oil, hot tar, stones, or any other unpleasant materials on the attackers below while remaining protected behind the walls.
Machicolations were a clever and effective way to defend Jerusalem. They allowed the defenders to attack the attackers from above, while remaining safe behind the walls. They also had a psychological impact on the attackers, as they knew that they could be targeted from above at any moment, making the siege much more difficult.
The top machicolation above the gate (the "crown")
The top machicolation, proudly sitting at the highest point of the Damascus Gate, dates back to 1538 CE, when sultan Suleiman the Magnificent comissioned it.
Commonly referred to as the “crown”, it used to greet travellers from far. During the extensive restorations of the Damascus Gate in 2011, also the “crown” was restored, as it has sustained severe damage during the fighting of the the Six-Day-War or an-Naksah (“The Setback”) of 1967.
Together with the lower 2 central machicolations above the door, along with the arrowslits and battlements, the “crown” was also an essential part of the gate’s design, and played a crucial role in the defense of the city of Jerusalem.
The Damascus Gate is a public entrance to the Old City of Jerusalem and open 24/7, year-round. It is usually very busy in the mornings, and especially on Fridays around prayer time and the late afternoon, just before sunset, when Jews are entering through it on their way to the Western Wall.
The “crown” can be seen from far away, with the best photo opportunity from the main street outside of the Damascus Gate or – like in our picture – from the rooftop of the Paulushaus, a Christian guesthouse just in front of the Damascus Gate.
If you would like to go inside the Damascus Gate and walk along the battlements and see it from up close, the “Ramparts Walk“, starting at the Jaffa Gate, is a great opportunity. You can walk along the city wall, passing the New Gate to the Damascus Gate, where you can either descend into the Muslim Quarter or continue until the Herod’s Gate.
There is not entrance fee to pass through the Damascus Gate.
The “Ramparts Walk” ticket is 25 NIS (adults) and 12 NIS (reduced fair). Tickets are sold at the Jaffa Gate and are valid for 2 days for both, the “southern” and “northern” walk. To reach the Damascus Gate, you need to walk the “northern” route.
The remains of the Roman-era gate
The Damascus Gate is not only an iconic entrance to the Old City of Jerusalem but also a time capsule that holds within its walls the remains of a gate that dates back to the Roman period.
As you enter the gate today, you might miss the lower level where the remains of the Roman period gate lie, but if you look carefully, you will see the ancient entrance just to your left, when facing the main doors.
Unfortunately, the Roman structures are usually not open to visitors, but if you’d enter, you’d see a row of barrel vaults, which are arched stone structures that were used to support the weight of the gate. Each vault is constructed from large, finely cut stone blocks, the kind of quality and precision that the Romans were known for.
The Damascus Gate is a public entrance to the Old City of Jerusalem and open 24/7, year-round. It is usually very busy in the mornings, and especially on Fridays around prayer time and the late afternoon, just before sunset, when Jews are entering through it on their way to the Western Wall.
The remains of the Roman-era gate can be seen if you approach the Damascus Gate from the main street (Sultan Suleiyman St.) and walk down the stairs. Keep left of the main gate, until you reach the handrails just before the entrance.
Unfortunately, this is as far as you can get. The Roman-era area is usually not open to visitors. However, you can clearly see the old arch and have a glimpse insie the gate’s structure.
The Roman-era gate area is usually not open to visitors. There are not standard entrance fees or tickets.
The inscription above the gate
Just before you enter the Damascus Gate, look up and you will see an inscription on the gate’s lintel (the horizontal stone beam above the entrance).
The inscription is written in Arabic and it is believed to have been added during the Ottoman period, in the 16th century.
It is a religious dedication: “The work of the servant of the Sultan, Suleiman Khan, may God protect him and prolong his rule.” Suleiman Khan was likely the Ottoman governor or governor-general of Jerusalem during the time of the inscription’s creation.
The inscription serves as a reminder of the Ottoman Empire’s presence in Jerusalem and its role in the city’s history. The Ottomans controlled Jerusalem and the surrounding area for several centuries, and they left a significant impact on the city’s culture, architecture, and society.
The Damascus Gate is a public entrance to the Old City of Jerusalem and open 24/7, year-round. It is usually very busy in the mornings, and especially on Fridays around prayer time and the late afternoon, just before sunset, when Jews are entering through it on their way to the Western Wall.
The inscription can only be seen from the outer part of the gate, facing the main street (Sultan Suleiyman St.). It is directly located above the current gate, inside the main arch.
If you want to take a closer look or take close-up photo, go up the stairs leading out of the gate and bring either binoculars or a good telephoto lens.
There is no entrance fee. The inscription can be seen from the main street in front of the gate.
The battlements along the wall and gates
The battlements atop of the Jerusalem city wall are one of the most distinctive architectonic features of the Old City of Jerusalem.
Battlements were used as defensive structures and are widely common to walls of a fortress, castle, or city across the world. They typically consist of a parapet, or low wall, with openings called crenels or embrasures, through which defenders could fire arrows or guns, and solid sections called merlons, which provided protection for the defenders.
Additional to its practical defensive function, battlements also provided a visual deterrent, as they made it clear that the walls were fortified and would be difficult to breach. As an architectonic feature, they also helped to make the walls appear taller and more imposing.
During the Six-Day-War or an-Naksah (“the Setback”) of 1967, the original crenellated turret atop of the gate was damaged. In 2011, the Damascus Gate unterwent major renovation and restoration, during which the battlements and turret were restored.
The arrowslits inside the wall
The several arrowslits inside the Damascus Gate’s upper wall are another important defensive feature of the medieval wall.
Also known as arrow loops or loopholes, the slits are narrow, vertical openings, through which archers or crossbowmen could fire arrows or bolts at an approaching enemy, while being well protected behind the wall.
The invention of arrowslits in fortifications was a significant advancement in medieval warfare, as they allowed a small number of defenders to hold off a much larger attacking force by raining arrows down upon them, while remaining relatively safe behind the walls.
Today, the tiny openings offer visitors glimpses through the wall.
About this puzzle
Our puzzle features the Damascus Gate, probably the most iconic entrance to the Old City of Jerusalem. Facing north, it ones marked the starting point of journeys to Nablus and further north all the way to Damascus, hence its usual name. Since the 10th century it is also referred to as Bab al-Amud, the “Gate of the Column”, a name still commonly used by the Palestinian population of Jerusalem.
The early morning shot by renowned Dutch photographer Frits Meyst offers a peak into the Old City behind the city walls.
While putting together piece by piece, discover some of Jerusalem’s most iconic buildings, including the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the commanding tower of the Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, the Jaffa Gate and many more.
About the Damascus Gate
The Damascus Gate, also known as Bab al-Amud or Bab al-Nasr, is one of the iconic entrance to the Old City of Jerusalem.
The first gate at this location was likely built during the Roman period, around the 2nd century AD, and has been an original part of the Jerusalem city walls ever since.
During the Islamic period, the gate was known as the “Gate of the Column,” for a major column located just inside it. Palestinians and others use the Arabic designation “Bab al-Amud” (amud = column) until today.
In the 12th century, the gate was rebuilt another time by the Ayyubid ruler Saladin, who added the distinctive towers and battlements, giving it its unique shape until today. The arched entrance was added by an Ottoman expansion in the 16th century.
The Damascus Gate has been a witness to many historical events, including the conquests of Jerusalem by the Crusaders, the city’s liberation by Saladin, and the city’s capture by the British during World War I.
As you approach the gate, you will be struck by its grandeur and beauty. The gate is adorned with intricate carvings and decorations, and the walls surrounding it are adorned with battlements and towers, giving you a glimpse into the city’s rich history and culture.
The Damascus Gate has long been a hub of activity, and it continues to be a popular destination for tourists and locals alike. It’s a great place to start your exploration of the Old City or the Palestinian neighbourhoods to its north.
Explore & Discover
Make even more out of your puzzle experience and explore details of the Damascus Gate and the Old City of Jerusalem: Zoom-in on the picture for tiny details, explore via the menue of the interactive image or click on any hotspot for more information!
You can also download an ulta-high resolution image of this puzzle!
The Rotunda (large dome) of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
The large dome of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, is one of the iconic buildings in the Jerusalem cityscape and widely visible from the city walls and the Mt. of Olives.
The dome is the top part of the circular structure, known as the “rotunda”. It holds within it one of the most sacred and mysterious places in Christendom – the Aedicula.
The Aedicula is a small chamber that encloses the tomb of Jesus, where tradition holds that Jesus was buried and resurrected.
The chamber is comprised of two rooms, one outer room and one inner room. The outer room is lined with marble and contains several lamps and votive offerings left by pilgrims. The inner room is smaller and contains the stone sarcophagus that is said to be the original tomb of Jesus. The walls and ceiling of the inner room are covered in gold, and a lamp is kept burning above the sarcophagus.
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is the most visited church in Jerusalem and probably the Holy Land. It is open to visitors of all faiths (or none), year-round and free of charge.
Entrance and exit are possible only through the main door. However, there is a separate access via the roof and through the Ethiopian chapels. You will find this access along the Via Dolorosa. About 50m before you reach the end of the Via Dolorosa, you will see stairs leading up to your right. Follow these stairs to reach the roof of the church. On your way, you can stop at the St. Anthony Coptic Orthodox Monastery, located just next to the Holy Sepulchre, or go down into one of the many cisterns once used in Jerusalem to provide water.
Following the only possible way, you will encounter a tiny door, leading to the Ethiopian chapels and dedicated to the Queen of Saba, among others. Eventually, you will reach the main door of the church.
Inside the church, most visitors first see the Stone of the Anointment, then walk up the stairs to the right to Golgatha, right above the Chapel of Adam, and then continue to see the Chapel of the Cross and eventually make their round to the tomb or the Holy Sepulchre (the large dome) and the Catholicon (the small dome).
Recommended visting time: Between 30 to 120 min.
If you seek to enter the Holy Sepulchre, either come very early or late or allow ample time. Several times per day, the tomb itself and other parts of the church will be closed off for procession and masses.
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is open year-round with special opening times during Christian feasts. Note that parts of the church might be closed off during the day for processions, masses, and other religious activities by the various denominations.
General opening times are:
- During the summer: 05:00 to 20:45.
- During the winter: 04:00 to 19:00.
There is no entrance fee.
The Catholicon (small dome) of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
The smaller of the two grey domes of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is the ceiling of the catholicon.
The term “catholicon” usually refers to the main church of a monastery or an important church in a city. In the context of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the Catholicon refers to the main church within the complex.
The current structure dates back to the 12th century and features a mixture of Byzantine, Crusader, and Islamic architectural elements.
Once you are inside the catholicon, do not miss to look up! The dome of the catholicon is decorated with one of the most astonishing mosaics in Jerusalem, the so-called “Pantocrator-mosaic”, depicting Jesus as the all-powerfull ruler of the universe.
For visitor information, click here.
The Lutheran Church of the Redeemer
The Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, is a Protestant church located in the Old City of Jerusalem. It was inaugurated on Reformation Day of 1898 and is hence a relatively new addition to the Jerusalem cityscape.
The present building of the church is a reconstruction of the 19th century church, which was built on the ruins of a Crusader church, which in turn was built on top of the Byzantine church.
The church features a beautiful neo-Gothic architecture, with pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and a tall steeple. The church also features beautiful stained glass windows, which depict scenes from the life of Jesus and the history of the church.
The bell tower stands at a height of 40 meters (131 ft) and is made of white limestone, which makes is clearly visible from almost any point around the Old City.
It’s also a great spot to get a panoramic view of the old city and a visit not to be missed!
The church is located just next to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the “Muristan” area, in the heart of the Old City of Jerusalem. It can be reached within a few minutes walk from the Jaffa Gate, the New Gate or the Damascus Gate. Click here for a detailed description.
Typically, you will arrive at the church as part of the traditional walk along the Via Dolorosa.
There are 3 main things to do and and see at the Church of the Redeemer:
- Visit the church itself including thec cloister and rest at the café.
- Visit the exhibition and excavations in and under the Church, featuring archaeology, the “Muristan”, and the history of the Church.
- Ascend the 40m (131 ft) high tower for a panoramic view of the Old City.
The church and the tower are open to visitors Mondays through Saturdays from 10:00 AM to 05:00 PM.
The exhibition is open Tuesdays through Saturdays from 11:00 AM to 03:00 PM.
The church is closed on Sundays, Mondays and Yom Kippur.
The ticket for the tower and the exhibition is 15 NIS per person.
For more information visit the website of the church.
The "Tower of David" or "Citadel & the Jaffa Gate
The so-called “Tower of David” is part of the “Citadel”, an ancient fortress located in the Old City, just adjacent to the Jaffa Gate. It was built on the site of an ancient fortress that dates back to the First Temple period and has been rebuilt and expanded over the centuries.
The Citadel is a complex of buildings, including the tower, a palace, and a mosque, and it has been used for various purposes throughout history. It was originally built by King Herod in the 1st century BC and was used as a palace and a fortress. The Romans, Byzantines, and the Islamic caliphs, who conquered Jerusalem later on, also used the fortress and expanded it.
The Citadel has played an important role in the history of Jerusalem, as it served as a residence for the ruling elite, a palace, a fortress and a prison. During the Crusader period, it was also known as the “Tower of David” and was used as a palace by the Crusader kings.
The tower offers unique panoramic views of the Old City, and it’s a great place to explore the history and architecture of Jerusalem.
The “Tower of David” (the “Citadel”) is located right next to the Jaffa Gate. The entrance is from inside the Old City, via the small bridge above the moat.
Things to do:
- Visit the exhibition about the history of Jerusalem including a large model, made in 1872(!) of Jerusalem by the Hungarian pilgrim Stephan, depicting the city as of this year.
- Visit one of the changing exhibitions or enjoy a cultural event.
- Witness on of the stunning sound & light night shows.
- Ascend the tower for a 360° panoramic view of the Old City (you are at the highest point in the Old City!) and the adjacent areas.
Opening hours are:
- Sunday through Thursday: 09:00 – 16:00
- Friday: 09:00 – 14:00
- Saturday: 09:00 – 16:00
Check for updates on opening times here.
Click here for the admission fees.
For more information visit the website of the Tower of David.
The Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque
The Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque is not only a place of worship but also a portal to the past. Built in the 14th century, the mosque and its minaret in particular, are remarkable examples of architectural beauty and cultural significance.
As you enter the mosque, you’ll be greeted by a central dome, surrounded by smaller domes and arched windows, that reach up to the sky. The walls are adorned with intricate geometric patterns and inscriptions from the Quran. The mosque also features a courtyard, a place of tranquility, where the worshippers gather before or after the prayer.
The mosque is also known for its association with the famous Sufi saint, Salah al-Din al-Safadi, who lived in Jerusalem during the 14th century and was the founder of the Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque. He was considered a spiritual leader and his tomb is located inside the mosque, making it a place of pilgrimage for many Sufis.
An interesting feature is the minaret: Not only is it almost identical with the minaret of the Mosque of Omar, just south of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, but a line connecting the minarets would intersect exactly with the door of the Tomb of Jesus. The two minarets are even equidistant to the door and having the exact same elevation, however being built on different ground levels.
The two minarets are an indicatoin of the interest also Islamic architecture and spirituality took in the Christian traditions in Jerusalem.
The Sidna Omar Mosque
The Sidna Omar Mosque (“Lord Omar mosque”) dates back to the Mamluk-era and is located in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City, just next to the Hurva and Rambam Synagogues. After the Six-Day War, when Israel captured East Jerusalem, it was closed and has been closed ever since.
The minaret of the mosque is a typical Mamluk-style minaret, two-stories high with a balcony for the muezzin.
The Hurva Synagogue
The Hurva Synagogue, also known as the Hurvat Rabbi Yehudah he-Hasid Synagogue, has a long and complex history, it was first built in the 18th century, but it was destroyed twice, firstly by the Arab Legion during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and then it was rebuilt in the 1950s.
The present building is a reconstruction of the 19th century synagogue. The synagogue features a unique architectural style, which is a blend of traditional Jewish and Islamic architectural elements. The synagogue features a central dome, which is adorned with a Star of David, and it also features horseshoe arches and decorative brickwork, which are typical of Islamic architecture.
The synagogue was originally built by a group of Ashkenazi Jews, led by Rabbi Yehudah he-Hasid, who arrived in Jerusalem in the early 18th century. They had intended to establish a yeshiva, but they were forced to leave the city before they could complete the construction, and the building was left unfinished and became known as the “ruin synagogue” (Hurva in Hebrew). The synagogue remained in ruins for over a century, and it was only rebuilt in the 19th century by the Jewish community.
The Muslim Quarter
Once you enter the Old City through the Damascus Gate, you are greeted by the many scents and aromas of the spices, fruits, feshly baked breads and other traditional Palestinian and Arab products along the shops of the Khan az-Zait (the “oil market”).
This area is called the Muslim Quarter.
One of the market’s main streets leads from the Damascus Gate straight to the Khan al-Attarin, the “market of the spice vendors”. The buzzling street is also the “border” between the Christian and the Muslim Quarter.
Enjoy a stroll along the many tiny shops, cafes and restaurants until you reach the Muristan, the Church of the Redeemer and, most notably, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
The machicolations of the gate
Machicolations, also known as murder-holes, were a unique and fascinating feature of medieval city walls and castles. They were essentially a type of overhanging balcony, with openings in the floor, that were used to defend the walls from attackers.
The Damascus Gate had five such defensive structures. Larger ones on each side of the gate and three smaller ones directly atop the doors.
Imagine standing on the top of the Jerusalem city wall, overlooking the streets to the north. Now, imagine that you have a secret weapon up your sleeve, a trapdoor in the floor of the wall, that opens up to a dark hole. From this hole, you and your fellow defenders could pour boiling oil, hot tar, stones, or any other unpleasant materials on the attackers below while remaining protected behind the walls.
Machicolations were a clever and effective way to defend Jerusalem. They allowed the defenders to attack the attackers from above, while remaining safe behind the walls. They also had a psychological impact on the attackers, as they knew that they could be targeted from above at any moment, making the siege much more difficult.
The top machicolation above the gate (the "crown")
The top machicolation, proudly sitting at the highest point of the Damascus Gate, dates back to 1538 CE, when sultan Suleiman the Magnificent comissioned it.
Commonly referred to as the “crown”, it used to greet travellers from far. During the extensive restorations of the Damascus Gate in 2011, also the “crown” was restored, as it has sustained severe damage during the fighting of the the Six-Day-War or an-Naksah (“The Setback”) of 1967.
Together with the lower 2 central machicolations above the door, along with the arrowslits and battlements, the “crown” was also an essential part of the gate’s design, and played a crucial role in the defense of the city of Jerusalem.
The Damascus Gate is a public entrance to the Old City of Jerusalem and open 24/7, year-round. It is usually very busy in the mornings, and especially on Fridays around prayer time and the late afternoon, just before sunset, when Jews are entering through it on their way to the Western Wall.
The “crown” can be seen from far away, with the best photo opportunity from the main street outside of the Damascus Gate or – like in our picture – from the rooftop of the Paulushaus, a Christian guesthouse just in front of the Damascus Gate.
If you would like to go inside the Damascus Gate and walk along the battlements and see it from up close, the “Ramparts Walk“, starting at the Jaffa Gate, is a great opportunity. You can walk along the city wall, passing the New Gate to the Damascus Gate, where you can either descend into the Muslim Quarter or continue until the Herod’s Gate.
There is not entrance fee to pass through the Damascus Gate.
The “Ramparts Walk” ticket is 25 NIS (adults) and 12 NIS (reduced fair). Tickets are sold at the Jaffa Gate and are valid for 2 days for both, the “southern” and “northern” walk. To reach the Damascus Gate, you need to walk the “northern” route.
The remains of the Roman-era gate
The Damascus Gate is not only an iconic entrance to the Old City of Jerusalem but also a time capsule that holds within its walls the remains of a gate that dates back to the Roman period.
As you enter the gate today, you might miss the lower level where the remains of the Roman period gate lie, but if you look carefully, you will see the ancient entrance just to your left, when facing the main doors.
Unfortunately, the Roman structures are usually not open to visitors, but if you’d enter, you’d see a row of barrel vaults, which are arched stone structures that were used to support the weight of the gate. Each vault is constructed from large, finely cut stone blocks, the kind of quality and precision that the Romans were known for.
The Damascus Gate is a public entrance to the Old City of Jerusalem and open 24/7, year-round. It is usually very busy in the mornings, and especially on Fridays around prayer time and the late afternoon, just before sunset, when Jews are entering through it on their way to the Western Wall.
The remains of the Roman-era gate can be seen if you approach the Damascus Gate from the main street (Sultan Suleiyman St.) and walk down the stairs. Keep left of the main gate, until you reach the handrails just before the entrance.
Unfortunately, this is as far as you can get. The Roman-era area is usually not open to visitors. However, you can clearly see the old arch and have a glimpse insie the gate’s structure.
The Roman-era gate area is usually not open to visitors. There are not standard entrance fees or tickets.
The inscription above the gate
Just before you enter the Damascus Gate, look up and you will see an inscription on the gate’s lintel (the horizontal stone beam above the entrance).
The inscription is written in Arabic and it is believed to have been added during the Ottoman period, in the 16th century.
It is a religious dedication: “The work of the servant of the Sultan, Suleiman Khan, may God protect him and prolong his rule.” Suleiman Khan was likely the Ottoman governor or governor-general of Jerusalem during the time of the inscription’s creation.
The inscription serves as a reminder of the Ottoman Empire’s presence in Jerusalem and its role in the city’s history. The Ottomans controlled Jerusalem and the surrounding area for several centuries, and they left a significant impact on the city’s culture, architecture, and society.
The Damascus Gate is a public entrance to the Old City of Jerusalem and open 24/7, year-round. It is usually very busy in the mornings, and especially on Fridays around prayer time and the late afternoon, just before sunset, when Jews are entering through it on their way to the Western Wall.
The inscription can only be seen from the outer part of the gate, facing the main street (Sultan Suleiyman St.). It is directly located above the current gate, inside the main arch.
If you want to take a closer look or take close-up photo, go up the stairs leading out of the gate and bring either binoculars or a good telephoto lens.
There is no entrance fee. The inscription can be seen from the main street in front of the gate.
The battlements along the wall and gates
The battlements atop of the Jerusalem city wall are one of the most distinctive architectonic features of the Old City of Jerusalem.
Battlements were used as defensive structures and are widely common to walls of a fortress, castle, or city across the world. They typically consist of a parapet, or low wall, with openings called crenels or embrasures, through which defenders could fire arrows or guns, and solid sections called merlons, which provided protection for the defenders.
Additional to its practical defensive function, battlements also provided a visual deterrent, as they made it clear that the walls were fortified and would be difficult to breach. As an architectonic feature, they also helped to make the walls appear taller and more imposing.
During the Six-Day-War or an-Naksah (“the Setback”) of 1967, the original crenellated turret atop of the gate was damaged. In 2011, the Damascus Gate unterwent major renovation and restoration, during which the battlements and turret were restored.
The arrowslits inside the wall
The several arrowslits inside the Damascus Gate’s upper wall are another important defensive feature of the medieval wall.
Also known as arrow loops or loopholes, the slits are narrow, vertical openings, through which archers or crossbowmen could fire arrows or bolts at an approaching enemy, while being well protected behind the wall.
The invention of arrowslits in fortifications was a significant advancement in medieval warfare, as they allowed a small number of defenders to hold off a much larger attacking force by raining arrows down upon them, while remaining relatively safe behind the walls.
Today, the tiny openings offer visitors glimpses through the wall.